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Bibliography

  Source Material    De la Pedraja, René. A Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Merchant Marine and Shipping Industry: Since the Introduction of Steam. Greenwood Press, 1994.
     
    Kemble, John Haskell. The Panama Route, 1848-1869. University of South Carolina Press, 1990.
     
    Niven, John. The American President Lines and its Forebears, 1848-1984. University of Delaware Press, 1987.
     
  Selected Photos     
  Courtesy of    The Bancroft Library, U.C. Berkeley
     
    The California Historical Society
     
    The California State Railroad Museum
     
    The Oakland Museum
     
    The San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park
     


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